16ο μάθημα (lesson 16)

16^ο μάθημα (lesson 16)

Nouns :

The greek nouns are declinable words and their endings differ according

to the gender, the number and the case.

In Modern Greek there are 4 cases:

Ονομαστική: Nominative

Γενική: Genitive

Αιτιατική: Accusative

Κλητική : Vocative

We use the Nominative when the noun is the subject of the sentence.

We use the Accusative when the noun is the object of the sentence.

We use the Genitive to describe that something belongs to someone.

Το βιβλίο του Γιώργου (George’s book).

Η είσοδος της πολυκατοικίας (the block of flats’ entrance).

Also, some verbs take object in Genitive.

We use the Vocative for addressing someone.

Γιώργο, θα πας στο σούπερ μάρκετ; (George, will you go to the super market?)

We separate the nouns of each gender in groups according to their ending in

Nominative Singular. The nouns of a same group which have the same ending

decline the same way.

Masculine nouns ending in –ής (with accent mark in the last syllable).

Ενικός αριθμός  (Singular)                Πληθυντικός αριθμός(Plural)

Oνομαστική: ο μαθητής                     οι μαθητές

Γενική:        του μαθητή                     των μαθητών

Αιτιατική:    τον μαθητή                     τους μαθητές

Κλητική:       -  μαθητή                      -       μαθητές

We never use article in Vocative!

The masculine nouns ending in –ής, have always accent mark in the last syllable and they have the same number of syllables in all cases in Singular and in Plural.

Ιn Singular the Vocative is identical to the Genitive and Accusative, but some nouns which declare a job have in Vocative –α (alpha) instead of –η, especially when we have the word κύριε (mister) before the noun. For example: κύριε διευθυντά!

Μasculine nouns ending in –ής:

ο αθλητής: athlete

ο φοιτητής: student (of university)

ο λογιστής: accountant, book keeper

ο αγοραστής: buyer, purchaser

ο δανειστής: lender, creditor

ο βουλευτής: congressman, member of parliament

ο διευθυντής: director, manager, head master

ο δικαστής: judge

ο καθηγητής: professor of secondary/high school or university

Τhe masculine nouns ending in –ης (without accent mark) have always the accent mark in the second from the end syllable except for Genitive Plural. In Genitive Plural the accent mark is always in the last syllable.

Also they have the same number of syllables in all cases in Singular and in Plural.

Ενικός αριθμός                      Πληθυντικός αριθμός

Ονομαστική: ο επιβάτης(passenger)              οι επιβάτες

Γενική:         του επιβάτη                               των επιβατών

Αιτιατική:    τον επιβάτη                                τους επιβάτες

Κλητική:        -  επιβάτη                                 -       επιβάτες

            Masculine nouns ending in –ης:

            ο ναύτης: seaman, sailor, mariner

            ο επιβάτης: passenger

            ο εργάτης: worker, laborer

            ο πολίτης: citizen

            ο δεσπότης: despot, bishop

            ο εργοδότης: employer

            ο στρατιώτης: soldier

            ο ράφτης:tailor, seamster